Secrets of honey bees' survival: How they cope with the winter!

Secrets of honey bees' survival: How they cope with the winter!

Researchers of the University of Würzburg have identified a crucial factor for the overwintering of honey bees: the diversity of food increases the animals' chances of survival. A comprehensive study carried out as part of the European BeeConnected project shows that this diversity plays a crucial role in bee health. Winter presents a major challenge for honey bee colonies in temperate climates as they must maintain the temperature in the hive and raise the next generation of workers.

The availability of pollen is crucial for bee nutrition. Important nutrients such as amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, proteins and minerals are essential for the development of the brood and the general health of the bee colony. Studies show that the development of winter bees depends heavily on high-quality food resources. An increase in pollen diversity in the fall, particularly through agri-environmental measures, can significantly increase colony survival rates, such as Pollen paths supplemented.

Survival strategies of honey bees

During winter, honey bees implement various survival strategies to withstand the harsh conditions. This includes the formation of winter piles through which heat is produced and stored. The bees reduce their activity and metabolism to save energy. In addition, they insulate their hives with propolis to prevent cold penetration and maintain a source of heat.

Winter pollen sources, such as snowdrops and willow, are important for brood development. However, honey remains the main source of food during the winter months. In winter, bees also reduce their reproductive activity in order to conserve valuable resources. The queens lay fewer eggs to help the colony survive the cold months.

Influence of the environment

Weather conditions and temperature extremes affect bee survival. Given climate and temperature conditions, stable habitats that maximize the availability of food resources are of great importance. Pollen paths highlights that many bee species exhibit migration patterns that optimize their food intake. While some bees migrate long distances, others move within small geographical areas in search of better food resources.

It is crucial for beekeepers to ensure sufficient food supplies in the hive to ensure colony survival. Pest control measures and regular monitoring of hive health are additional important points to protect colonies from the challenges of winter.

The scientists' recommendations also include maintaining and expanding plant diversity through collaboration between beekeepers, agriculture and urban planners. These initiatives would not only benefit honeybees but also other pollinators such as bumblebees, butterflies and wild bees.

Ensuring pollination is important not only for maintaining bee populations, but also for agricultural yields and human food supplies. Targeted protection of pollinators contributes significantly to sustainable agriculture and a healthy ecosystem.