Genetic Adaptations of Meerkats: Surviving Climate Change!

Genetic Adaptations of Meerkats: Surviving Climate Change!

A recent study led by the University of Ulm shows that meerkats genetically adapt to a species-specific form of tuberculosis. The research is based on extensive data from over 1,500 meerkats collected over a period of two decades. Tuberculosis, caused by the bacteriumMycobacterium suricattae, has significant impacts on the life expectancy and reproduction of these animals, such as uni-ulm.de reported.

The study shows that changes in genetic variability, particularly in the MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) genes, are crucial for the meerkats' immune defense. A specific gene variant that was originally considered a risk factor has now been shown to have a survival advantage. This highlights the complex adaptation mechanisms of wild animals in response to changing environmental influences.

The influence of climate change

A central aspect of the study is the influence of climate change on the spread of tuberculosis. Higher temperatures and changes in rainfall increase the spread of the disease. In the Kalahari, where the research was conducted, the average maximum temperature has increased by more than two degrees over the past two decades, which is five times higher than the global average. This not only impacts the spread of tuberculosis, but also the meerkats' gut microbiome, leading to greater susceptibility to diseases such as mdr.de determines.

Analysis of fecal samples shows an increase in pathogenic bacteroidia and a decrease in health-promoting lactic acid bacteria. These changes in the microbiome, which is crucial for metabolism and immunity, can cause serious health problems and further reduce the meerkats' life expectancy.

Pathogens and human influences

The complex dynamics between climate change, genetic adaptation and the emergence of diseases are exemplary of the challenges facing many animal species. Zoonoses, i.e. diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans, are becoming increasingly urgent. Climate change is forcing animals to change or leave their habitats, potentially becoming carriers of pathogens. How helmholtz-klima.de explains, the intrusion of humans into the habitats of other species causes pathogens to switch from one host to another.

These findings provide valuable guidance for wildlife health and conservation strategies. The research was funded by the German Research Foundation and the results were published in the journalNature Ecology & Evolutionpublished. It is becoming clear that genetic diversity is crucial not only for the preservation of the species, but also for its resilience to disease.