Radiation protection in focus: exhibition on the history of radioactivity

Radiation protection in focus: exhibition on the history of radioactivity

In recent decades, science has had a significant impact on nuclear policy and radiation safety. A new research project at the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), led by Prof. Dr. Maria Rentetzi, sheds light on this development and is supported by an important European research program. FAU has received funding of two million euros from the European Research Council (ERC) for the project, which examines the milestones of nuclear policy and societal perspectives on radiation protection. The results will be presented in the exhibition “Living with Radiation”, which will take place from June 12th to August 31st at the Siemens MedMuseum, and will provide an insight into the evolution of radiation protection and the contribution of female scientists in this field.

The legal basis for radiation protection was created in the 1960s after nuclear accidents such as Chernobyl. The challenges of radiation protection are diverse, especially since radioactive radiation is used in medicine, research, industry and the military. The toxicity of this radiation is often not sufficiently known, which requires urgent measures and standards for safe use. Diplomatic discussions to standardize protection guidelines became particularly necessary after the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The first international radiation protection standards were adopted as early as 1925 at the first international radiology conference in London.

The role of the International Atomic Energy Agency

A key player in this area is the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which was founded in 1957. It arose from the need to create an organization that would control both the peaceful and military uses of nuclear energy. The founding of the IAEA was made possible by the unequivocal approval of 81 states in October 1956 and the ratification of the IAEA statute by US President Eisenhower on July 29, 1957. Eisenhower suggested the creation of the IAEA during his speech to the UN General Assembly in 1953 - a fascinating example of international cooperation in the Cold War era.

The IAEA has established itself as an important organization within the UN system when it comes to the safe and peaceful use of nuclear energy worldwide. The IAEA's regular tasks include setting international standards for radiation protection and preventing the military use of nuclear technologies through strict monitoring measures. Throughout its history, the IAEA has not only played a critical role in the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear disasters, but also developed programs that promote the use of nuclear technology in medicine, agriculture and other sectors.

Current developments and challenges

The IAEA regularly reports on nuclear energy developments to the UN General Assembly and has also played a key role in monitoring the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty since 1970. The current Director General, Rafael Grossi, leads the organization, which employs over 2,200 people worldwide, including 350 inspectors. There are also regional offices in cities such as Geneva, New York, Toronto and Tokyo, significantly expanding the organization's reach.

Last but not least, the IAEA deserves attention for its contribution to global security, as it received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005 - in recognition of its efforts towards nuclear peace and security. In addition, the organization and its work are in the public debate, particularly with regard to its support for the civilian use of nuclear energy while at the same time condemning its military use.

The exhibition “Living with Radiation” will not only highlight the historical milestones of nuclear policy, but also address the challenges and achievements of the International Atomic Energy Agency, which seem more relevant than ever today.