Neuroresearch: The key to intelligence lies in theta waves!

Neuroresearch: The key to intelligence lies in theta waves!

A current study by the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) highlights the connection between brain rhythms and intelligence. The results inJournal of Experimental Psychology: Generalpublished focus on the middle frontal area of ​​the brain and theta waves, which operate in a frequency range of 4-8 Hertz.

Theta waves are particularly active during cognitive effort, such as during concentrated thinking. In the study, 148 test subjects between the ages of 18 and 60 completed memory and intelligence tests. The brain activity was recorded using an electroencephalogram (EEG). The tests required participants to flexibly vary between changing rules, such as between even and odd numbers or magnitude versus five.

Relationship between theta connectivity and cognitive performance

The results show that subjects with high cognitive performance have a stronger tuning of theta waves in crucial moments. This higher theta connectivity in the middle forehead region supports both goal-directed thinking and distraction management. The brain's flexibility in adjusting its rhythm is considered crucial to intelligence.

Interestingly, the study found that theta connectivity is particularly relevant when implementing decisions, but less so in the preparation phase. The study also lays the foundations for a deeper understanding of the neural basis of intelligence and highlights an aspect that was often neglected in previous EEG studies: the consideration of the interaction between different brain regions.

Research on Brain Waves: A More Comprehensive Approach

The study of brain waves has a long history, beginning with Hans Berger's discovery about 100 years ago. Different frequencies such as delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma perform different functions and characterize different states of the human brain. Beta waves in particular play an important role in movement planning and are often increased in patients with Parkinson's.

Current techniques such as optogenetics provide new insights into brain functions by controlling the behavior of neurons using light. A study in mice has discovered delta waves associated with dissociative states, but the neurophysiology behind these experiences often remains unknown.

Furthermore, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), which is used in the Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at the Eppendorf University Hospital used to treat schizophrenic patients who do not respond to drug therapy, is increasingly being used again worldwide. ECT shows positive antidepressant effects in over 50% of patients and is one of many forms of therapy that are developing scientifically.

Overall, research on brain waves and their functions shows that many mechanisms are still unclear and mental illnesses require holistic approaches that go beyond neuronal changes. The current study results could soon be supplemented by follow-up studies that focus on older subjects aged 40 and over and examine other mental abilities.